The pore structures in coal are divided into four types: inaccessible pores (<0.38 nm), filling pores (0.38⁓1.5 nm), diffusion pores (1.5⁓100 nm), and seepage …Web
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area mining – used in areas, such as the Powder River Basin, where the land surface is relatively flat and stripping ratios increase gradually with depth. auger mining – used in conjunction with contour mining; coal resources that are beyond the maximum economic stripping ratio are extracted using augers that are drilled into the highwall.Web
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Highwall mining, like auger mining, is associated with open-pit coal mining, whereby a seam of coal is excavated at outcrop. This method uses a continuous miner operated by a hydraulic boom with a shearer and cutter-head boom that can be extended for approximately 300 m into a coalface.Web
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1.1. Classification of Surface Mining Methods. Extraction of mineral or energy resources by operations exclusively involving personnel working on the surface without provision of manned underground operations is referred to as surface mining. While an opening may sometimes be constructed below the surface and limited underground development may ...Web
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long-wall mining, where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice, usually by a large machine. sub-level-caving, where levels of the ore are blasted by explosives; and ; block caving, where large areas of the ore body are blasted and then extracted with the assistance of gravity. We use these three different types of underground mining ...Web
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Geological studies are very important at different steps of mining activities. Different uncertain geological criteria and factors show a significant impact during the underground mining operations and mineral extraction process. The current study reports on the evaluation and classification of coal seams for methane drainage-ability (MDA) …Web
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To establish a more "practical" classification method for backfill coal mining, we have surveyed engineering cases of backfill coal mining in China [16,17,18,19,20,21]. We mainly focus on the coal mine's backfill background, the type of mining process in the working face, and the deployment style of the backfill system.Web
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The coal life-cycle includes coal mining, coal processing, product utilization, and waste disposal. Then we firstly apply the model to analyze land use and energy consumption of Huainan City which is a typical coal-based city in China from 1990–2020.Web
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Coal mining is a very intricate system and process. The rough working conditions and the hazardous environment are the most important factors that affect a coal mining process. ... (FDAHP) method application for classification of coal spontaneous combustion potential. In order to develop a new classification for assessing the coal …Web
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Classifying and recognizing the reflection spectrum of coal–rock is an innovative method for coal–rock identification in coal mining process. Herein, a …Web
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In the process of coal mining and production, the classification of coal has important guiding significance for production planning and resource estimation. However, …Web
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① Model size: according to the average burial depth of No. 1-2 coal seam, the model height is set to 190 m; at the same time, considering the boundary effect and the full mining effect during the advancement of the working face, coal pillars with length of 60 m are arranged on the left and right sides, and the model length is set to 500 m; …Web
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Being the key unaddressed problem in unmanned mining condition, a new method for the coal-rock interface recognition was proposed in the study. Firstly, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) was employed to measure 10 kinds of coals/rocks which were common in China. Secondly, the physical properties of coals/rocks such as …Web
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Surface mining methods can be categorized into two broad groups based on the method of extraction: Mechanical Extraction Methods. Aqueous Extraction Methods. Mechanical extraction methods employ …Web
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Coal is a heterogeneous, carbonaceous rock formed by the natural decomposition of plant matter at elevated temperature and pressure in the earth's crust. The subject of this monograph is 'coal dust', itself a heterogeneous by-product of the mining and use of coal. 1.1.1. Coal types and classification. Coal exists in various forms, ranging ...Web
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Surface coal mining generally involves the following sequence of unit operations: (1) clearing the land of trees and vegetation, (2) removing and …
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The coal resource reserves in the study area are huge, with the current coal holding reserves of 4.43 billion tons. The coal resources in the study area are spatially and geographically concentrated, and due to the advantages of shallow burial of coal-bearing seams, the high heat content of coal, and thick coal seam aggregation, the Wuhai …Web
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The classification of coal resources and reserves has been redefined in recent years, with the standards and codes of practice adopted by the principal coal-producing countries being equated on a global basis. ... If the method to be used is longwall mining, a larger geological loss will occur, due to the fact that longwall operations need ...Web
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Efficient and accurate classification of the microseismic data obtained in coal mine production is of great significance for the guidance of coal mine production safety, disaster prevention and early warning. In the early stage, the classification of microseismic events relies on human experiences, which is not only inefficient but also …Web
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The relative gas emission of the coal mining face 2 exceeds the classification standard (10 m 3 /min); ... In Model 2, we used the fuzzy statistical method to count the number of possible explosions at all control points and more accurately estimate the insecurity of the coal mine. 4. For accurate results, the Matlab and Lingo software …Web
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In view of the above problems, this research uses the WLR-5A mining unmanned wheeled chassis experimental platform; uses two UWB receivers to infer the position and yaw information of the vehicle in …Web
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Classification of the Backfill Coal Mining Methods Based on the Deployment Style Engineering Quantity Analysis; Construction Quantity Newly Added …Web
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Different coal types have different usage methods in different occasions. For example, the type and quality of coal used in thermal power plants is an important basic basis for boiler design and production process. Therefore, in the process of coal mining, distinguishing mining by coal type is the conventional production method of coal mining.Web
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Therefore, this paper establishes deep learning-based RGB image classification models for the classification tasks of various coal particles with two density level (<1.8 g/cm 3 & >1.8 g/cm 3) in different water gradients, and analyzes their classification performance. Moreover, the model operational process and the change of …Web
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Undoubtedly, as a result of the large-scale accidents that occurred in the near past in the underground coal mining industry, the issue of the necessary safety precautions and measures to be taken in coal mines has re-emerged. Within the purpose of this study, a risk-based classification of the coal mine basins (CBs) in Turkey's hierarchy was …Web
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Using fuzzy clustering and empirical evaluation method, the classification model of surrounding rock stability of coal roadway is proposed, which is applied to 37 coal roadways of Zibo Mining ...Web
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An important point in Agoshkov and Imenitov's mining method classifications is the lack of the systems of chamber mining with backfill.These systems are of use in longwalling and chamber-and-pillar working at 1000 m depth and deeper. The underground chamber-and-pillar mining with backfill is applied extensively in Canada (Inco, Geco, …Web
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A classification of underground mining methods, subdivided based on pillar supported and unsupported groups, is shown in Figure 1. ... This method can be used for both hard rock mining of metal ore and coal mining in soft rock. In both cases, the method maintains continuous behaviour in the far-field rock. An orebody must be dipping less than ...Web
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Classification of different land features with similar spectral response is an enigmatical task for pixel-based classifiers, as most of these algorithms rely only on the spectral information of the satellite data. This study evaluated the performance of six major pixel-based land-use classification techniques (both common and advanced) for …Web
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Solution mining includes both borehole mining, such as the methods used to extrac t sodium chloride or sulfur, and leaching, either through drillholes or in dumps or heap s on the surface. 2 ...Web
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Based on a case study in one of the coal mining companies in North Bengkulu, four coal seams have continuous seams and there is splitting from one seam to four seams. The sediment model generally has a direction of distribution of coal seams trending from northeast to southwest with gentle dip. ... (RKSD) method and the polygon …Web
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Identification of coal and gangue is one of the important problems in the coal industry. To improve the accuracy of coal gangue identification in the coal mining process, a coal gangue identification method based on histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) combined with local binary pattern (LBP) features and improved support vector machine …Web
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In China, coal accounts for more than 60% of energy demands, and the underground mining is responsible for extracting around 90% of the country's coal resources. During the coal mining process, due to the lack of active intelligent control technology of mining equipment, sudden change in the coal-rock interface is likely to …Web
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