germanium (Ge), a chemical element between silicon and tin in Group 14 (IVa) of the periodic table, a silvery-gray metalloid, intermediate in properties between the metals and the nonmetals. Although germanium was not discovered until 1886 by Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, its existence, properties, and position in the periodic system …Web
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As a rare and dispersed element, germanium cannot form independent ore deposits but can be enriched in coal and sphalerite. The target of this research is the Cretaceous Ge-rich coal seam of the Yimin Coalfield in the Hailar Basin, which hosts the third largest coal-hosted germanium ore deposit in China. Based on X-ray diffraction …Web
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Germanium (Ge) is one of the critical elements of modern technologies, with supply risk, inefficient production, and increased demand. It is used in high technology …Web
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germanium in the Bergslagen ore province, Sweden, GFF, DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2018.1525619. ... Of the total set, 222 samples have been analysed for both. Ga and Ge. The majority of the samples are ...Web
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Germanium tetrachloride (GeCl4), derived from raw materials like clemensite ore or coal fly ash residue containing traces of this element, contributes to the production of highly efficient solar cells. ... Its utilization is fueled by its exceptional attributes that set it apart from other elements. Germanium's index of refraction surpasses ...Web
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Germanium is potentially the enabling element of next-generation electronics and renewable energy applications. It is a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid with atomic number of 32 and atomic mass of 72.64 u. Germanium was first isolated by Clemens Winkler in 1886 from the mineral argyrodite (Ag 8 GeS 6) [1]. The …Web
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Arbuzov et al. (2021) showed that the micron and nanometer mineral phases of Ge are widespread in the Spetsugli germanium ore field, and the Ge bearing minerals are identified as aluminosilicates ...Web
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The prices for germanium metal and germanium dioxide (Europe, minimum 99.999% purity) increased from January to May and then decreased through late October. The price for germanium metal increased from $1,380 per kilogram to $1,470 per kilogram and then decreased to $1,100 per kilogram. The price for germanium dioxide increased from $885 …Web
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It is expected that at least 119 kt (∼7 kt in zinc ores and ∼112 kt in coal) of recoverable germanium exist within proven reserves (at present stage of knowledge) at …Web
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GeO 2 has three crystal structures [39].The first is the Hexagonal quartz-type GeO 2 crystal, in which germanium is tetracoordinated, slightly soluble in water (0.453 g/100 g H 2 O, 25 °C) [14], soluble in HCl and NaOH, and easily soluble in HF.The second is the Tetragonal rutile GeO 2 crystal, in which germanium is hexacoordinated, insoluble in …Web
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It sits 40km from Tsumeb, a historic mine that produced 30Mt of ore containing high grade copper, lead and zinc as well a sprinkling of germanium between 1905 and 1996. Re-examined drill holes from the Nosib prospect include a copper, lead and vanadium diamond hit containing 8.7m at 128g/t gallium and 11.3g/t germanium from the …Web
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Germanite is a rare Cu-Fe-Ge sulfide for which Tsumeb is the TYPE LOCALITY. This region was noted for its incredible wealth of very rare elements and minerals containing germanium, among others. 1992 saw the discovery of Germanite in deep areas of the mine's remarkable third oxidation zone. This 57 g, polished sample is a …Web
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This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides the descriptions of the only U.S. sites—including mineral regions, mineral occurrences, and mine features—that have reported production and (or) resources of gallium (Ga). The sites in this data release have contained resource and (or) past production of more than 16 metric tons Ga metal, which …Web
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Germanium is metallic in appearance and is consumed as a pure metal or in compound form, depending on the application. Germanium is never found as a pure metal in nature, but trace amounts occur in …Web
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Geochronological and geochemical evidence for multi-stage apatite in the Bafq iron metallogenic belt (Central Iran), with implications for the Chadormalu iron-apatite deposit. Niloofar Nayebi, Dariush Esmaeily, David M. Chew, …Web
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Germanium was discovered in the year 1886 by the German chemist Clemens Winkler after careful analysis of a silver-rich mineral ore that was found near the German city of Freiberg (Winkler 1886a).In his meticulous analysis of the ore which has been found and described by his colleague Weisbach just one year before and named …Web
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Germanium is never found as a pure metal in nature, but trace amounts occur in many minerals, including common metallic ore minerals such as the zinc mineral sphalerite. Zinc smelters produce the majority of the world's supply of germanium. Germanium is also recovered from fly ash produced by the burning of certain types of coal.Web
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Germanium is a trace metal in most types of oxidic and sulfidic metalliferous deposits, including banded iron formations, manganese nodules, shale-hosted sedimentary copper deposits and porphyry copper deposits. Germanium is a by-product in some sulfide ores and in some coals; therefore, surface and underground mining methods that are …Web
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Germanium processed ore, used in semiconductor production, rare ore, isolated, copyspace. germanium icon set. vector template illustration for web design. Semiconductor chip of a microcircuit of a powerful …Web
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Effect of H2S04 concentration on metal extraction from gallium-germanium ore ..... . Effect of leach temperature on metal extraction from gallium-germanium ore ..... . Effect of leach time at various acid concentrations on metal extraction from gallium-germanium ore .. .Web
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Currently, germanium is produced as a byproduct of zinc-bearing ore deposits. Acid mine drainage may have elevated signatures of germanium because of germanium's strong association to sulfide minerals (Shanks and others, 2017). Germanium is also recovered from lignite and coal deposits worldwide (Melcher and Buchholz, 2014).Web
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China exported 94 metric tons of gallium in 2022, up 25% from the prior year, according to Chinese customs. US imports of gallium metal and gallium arsenide wafers in 2022 were worth about $3m and $200m, respectively, according to USGS. Germanium, a silvery-white metal, is used in the manufacturing of fibre optics to transfer data and ...Web
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Germanium (Ge) is considered a critical element due to its many industrial applications; Ge is a metalloid used in solar cells, fiber optics, metallurgy, chemotherapy, and polymerization catalysis. The main sources of Ge are sulfides ores of Zn, Pb, and Cu, coal deposits, as well as by-products and residues from the processing of these ores and …Web
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Includes information about ore deposit type, mineralogy, geologic setting, example deposits and districts, concentration ranges per reported resource, grade, and additional deposit notes. References are also included.Web
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USGS Publications Warehouse. Germanium is enriched in the following geologic environments: 1. (1) iron meteorites and terrestrial iron-nickel; 2. (2) sulfide ore deposits, …Web
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Description: Abstract: This data release provides data for the single site in the United States (U.S.) that has public record of germanium (Ge) production. Germanium, …Web
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GRADE @ 75% PROB. LEV. = 3.684% ZN; CACO3 % BY DIFFERENCE. 10K FROM GULF & WESTERN (1979) REPORTED 26534000 MT ORE AT 3.6% ZN. (WAS REPORTED ON RESERVE DATA SET IN 12-19-80.) CUT OFF GRADE FOR TONNAGE ESTIMATES BY COMPANY IS 1.5% ZINC. THE RESERVES ARE LIMITED BY PROPERTY …Web
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From the mine to product packaging, we set the standard for the processing of indium, germanium, gallium and tin. Quality is assured because we control the process from the very first step. Our products are used in the production of alkaline dry cell batteries, flat panel liquid crystal displays (LCD), optical fibers, photovoltaic devices, III ...Web
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General description of Germanium detectors The set-up of a typical germanium detector is illustrated in Figure 2. The detector itself is sealed within a vacuum system and is attached to a cold finger which is in thermal contact with liquid nitrogen. Intrinsic Ge detectors are operated at liquid nitrogen temperatures for low noiseWeb
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During the first 10 months of the year, the price for germanium metal (minimum 99.999% purity) increased by 21% to $1,315 per kilogram from $1,090 per kilogram, and the price for germanium dioxide (minimum 99.999% purity) increased by 15% to $825 per kilogram from $720 per kilogram. In 2021, a high-purity metals and compounds producer with a ...Web
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Germanium accumulates in trace and minor amounts in ore deposits, mainly in various types of Cu– Zn– Pb– Mo– Au- sulphide ore deposits. Sphalerite is the most important of all germanium-containing minerals. Germanium is mostly recovered from sphalerite ores and from lignite and coals (Frenzel et al. 2014).Web
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